Universal yellow dye and method of producing the same.



UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES c. HUFFMAN, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, nssienon 'ro SUNBEAM CHEMICALCOMPANY, 01 CHICAGO, ILLINoIs, ACQRPORA'IION OF ILLINOIS.

UNIVERSAL YELLOW DYE AND METHOD OF PRODUQING THE SAME.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES C. Horr- Specification of Letters Patent.

MAN, a citizen of the United States, and

resident of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, havediscovered a certain new and useful Universal Yellow Dye and Methods ofProducing the Same, of which the following is a specification.

My discovery relates to dyes and particularly to a novel yellow dyehaving peculiar and advantageous qualities.

I am aware that heretofore dyes have been incorporated in soaps with theobject in view of providing a simple carrier for the dye and fairlysatisfactory results may be secured if neutral dyes are employed and ifthe water in which the substance is used is of exactly the righttemperature.

My improved dye soap should not be .confused with those in which thesoap acts merely as a carrier or vehicle for the dye, as the followingdescription will show that the final product is the result ,of peculiarreactions which take place between the dye and the elements of the soapand which product could not be secured by the use of the materialsheretofore employed or as heretofore combined. By reason of the novelprocess of compounding and theselection' of substances which enter intothe compound, a dye is produced which is equal if not superior to thosewhich require boiling and the addition of a mordant for setting thecolor.

One of the important distinctions of the dyes produced by me is thatthey are alkali proof, irrespective of the characteristics of the dye,that is, basic, neutral or acid, before combining in the soap.

A still further distinctionis that the dyes are universal, that is,adaptable to either cotton, wool, silk or flax, or mixtures thereof.

One of the important advantages following the use of the methoddisclosed is that of allowin the glycerol, which is a byproduct 0 thesaponification process, to remain in the product.- This is liberatedwhen the soap is dissolved and cooperates with the dye in attacking thefabric. ,Eurthermore it assists in fixing the colors fol In order toestablish a basis for the proportions of ingredients, it will be assumedthat it is desired to produce five gross of one ounce bars of the soap;To produce thisquantity, three gallons and forty-two ounces of vegetableoil and one gallon and twenty-four ounces of sodium hydroxid lowing theapplication of heat, as ,in the act of ironing, after the fabric hasbeen dried.

The composition and the method offpreparing it will now be described indetail.

ounces of, the other oils.

(NaOH) of a specific gravity of 1.40at F. are combined. The oil 'or oilsused may 'be varied. Olive, soy bean, raisin, peanut,

crude corn, or any vegetable oil maybe used separately or combined withcocoanut oil. The proportions of the cocoanut oil and other oils willvary according to weather conditions. Under normal conditions onegallon, fourteen ounces of cocoanut oil will be employed to two gallons,twenty-eight In warm,

Patented July 30, '1918.

Application filed September 24, 917. Serial No. 192,872.

Weather the proportion of cocoanut 011 (NI-I I-IGl andwhich is normallya dye for producing an orange color.-

low, a quantity, which will .be varied in ac-. cordance with the colordesired of chrysoidin is dissolved in one gallon o boiling water and isaddedto the soap solution shortly before saponification is complete. Theaddition' of this hot solution to the soap, together with the heat ofthe subsequent reaction, causes the temperature of the bath to be raisedto approximately 122 F. at which temperature the excess o f5sod1umhydroxid reacts withthe chrysoidln, converting the color'acid into itssodium salt;

C H N:l T.C I-I .l TaOl.(NI-I or sodium diaminoazobenzene ohlorid.Apparently,

however, thissalt is not stable at the ternperature described andimmediately enters into a new compound in which all traces of the saltas such is obliterated This theory seems to be confirmed by the factthat the final substance has resisted all efforts to analyzeit or toseparate the sodium salt of chrysoidiir therefrom. The amount of chrys-.oidin employed for producing a medium yellow w ll be approximately sixounces avoirdupois.

After allowing a few minutes for the re:

For the production of a universal, alkali proof yel-' action to takeplace and after the dye has become thoroughly mixed with the soap, the

soap is poured into molds where it is allowed to remain at a temperatureof about 80 F. for forty-eight hours.

It will be noted that the glycerol is not removed from the product andtherefore will be released as the soap is dissolved. It will be absorbedby the fabric along with the dye and will assist in fixing the dye whenheat is applied to the fabric-as in ironing. It has furthermore, anadvantageous efiect on the fabric in softening the same and brighteningthe colors.

In use the soap and the garment or fabric to be dyed are introduced intohot water and the soap may be applied directly to the fabric tothoroughly cleanse the same. Even though the soap is applied locally oronly in spots the coloring will be even. Furthermore, the hands orcontainer will not be colored. After the article is cleansed and dyed itis rinsed in cold water and dried in the usual manner. The dye will befound to be alkali proof.

Many other colors are secured by a combination in different proportionsof chrysapplication.

' with a certainty iodin and methylene blue. For instance, green,mustard, citron and other similar colors are produced by dissolving thechrysoidin in two quarts of boiling Water and the blue in two quarts ofboiling water. At the same stage in the operations, that is, just beforesaponification of the soap, the chrysoidin solution is added and thereaction allowed to become complete; then the blue solution is added.After this reaction is complete the compound is stirred until there isuniformity and the additional steps are the same as before described.These .colors have the same properties as the yellow. I r

It has been found diflicult, if not impossible in prior practice, tocombine two colors, particularly an acid and a basic color,

@without precipitation. By my practice there is no such danger. Thisfeature of my discovery is claimed broadly in a co-pending It will benoted that the soap manufactured by the cold process. "By reason of thisprocess of manufacture I am enabled to, secure an absolutely uniformproduct with regard tothe colors produced. The low temperatures employedare much more easily controlled andvthe necessary reaction between thesoap and the dye is completed which is not possible in a settled soap.

One of the most important features of my novel discovery is that theshade of color which is secured in the use of the article is the samewhether a large or small quantity mining Whether the same temperature isemployed in each instance. Neither would he be able to determine whetherexactly the same quantity of the dyeing material was employed. By theuse of my product the colors may be duplicated with ease and certainty.

By comparison of the proportions of vegetable oil and sodium hydroxid itwill be noticed that there is a substantial excess of the latter evenwhen the water containing the 'dye is added. Of course, the amount ofthe saponifying agent may be varied somewhat but in any case an excessshould be employed.

I claim:

1. The herein described dyestufi composed of thereaction pioducts of avegetable oil, an excess of a saponifying agent over that required forcomplete saponification of the oil and chrysoidin, as set forth.

2. The herein described universal dye formed by adding dissolvedchrysoidin to a saponified solution containing an excess of asaponifying agent.

3. A universal alkali proof dye chemically combined with soap, thesubstance belng composed of a vegetable oil, an excess of a saponifyingagent, and an an hn dye, the product being formed by combining the o land saponifying agent, then before saponification is complete addingthereto the an1l1n dye dissolved in water. g

4. The method of producing a unlversal, alkali proof dye combined with acold process soap, which consists 1n combining a vegetable oil and anexcess of sodium hydroxid, then before saponification is complete addingthereto an anilin dye dissolved in hot water, substantially asdescribed. j

Signed at Chica 0, Illinois, this 22nd'day of September, 191

Witness T. D. BUTLER.

